Inclusive teaching and learning Essay

Organisations working within the learning and skills sector face increasing challenges as the UK becomes more diverse and multicultural. Differences are an asset and a diverse learner body and workforce enrich an organisation. However, misunderstandings, negative attitudes, or a lack of awareness, understanding and effective communication can all lead to segregation and underachievement. The aim of this CPD builder is to raise awareness of the inclusion challenges in organisations, and provide ways of meeting those challenges. You might like to use the Small steps – big difference tool to help you identify the challenges most relevant to you. In this CPD builder you will find a wide range of information and guidance on inclusion in the form of research, checklists, case studies, good practice advice, videos and activities. There are suggestions of how you can use each resource for CPD to ensure that inclusivity is embedded into all activities and goes further than a ‘tick box’ approach, alongside prompts to help you reflect on your current practice. The resources use a variety of pedagogy approaches but those most frequently referred to include using e-learning and technology, differentiation and assessment for learning. The learner voice is a crucial aspect in promoting inclusivity as it requires listening to learners’ opinions and involvi ng them in planning – you should consider how the resources can help you do this. Exploring these resources and using and adapting the ideas they suggest will help you to: ensure no learners are isolated or marginalised through language, culture or any other difference that may influence thoughts and actions or form a barrier; work towards eliminating discrimination and harassment;  recognise and accommodate learners’ individual needs;  ensure that all learners have equal access to the curriculum; explore how the 10 pedagogy approaches can promote understanding about inclusion and inclusive practices. Please note: The term ‘inclusion’ has been used in most instances, however ‘diversity’ has also been used when describing actual individual and group differences, particularly relating to cultural diversity. Objectives After using this CPD builder, you should: be able to relate the ideas to your own experiences and inclusion challenges in your organisation; be able to recognise how different pedagogy approaches can spread awareness and accommodate learners needs; and be able to evaluate the usefulness of the resources to your own practice and CPD. Skills I will need to ensure my practice is inclusive The ability to work with colleagues to review the inclusion challenges in my own organisation. The ability to plan sessions that promote active learning and provide assessment opportunities that are accessible to all learners. The ability to develop materials and resources that are accessible to all learners and accommodate their needs. The ability to identify the varying needs of learners and to provide the support or adjustments necessary. Knowledge I will need to ensure my practice is inclusive An understanding of the range of inclusion challenges for teachers, managers and learners. An understanding of the strategies, tools and pedagogy approaches that support a whole organisation approach to inclusivity. An understanding of the materials and resources that enable equal access to learning and assessment and how to adapt them. An understanding of how learners can take responsibility for their own learning. Activities Support for your CPD You can work through the ideas in the CPD builder on your own but you are likely to find it more enjoyable and challenging if you seek the support and involvement of colleagues. There are also lots of sources of further information and guidance you can draw on to help you make the most of the experience. Explore some of the options in the list above. SLC or ALC, E-Guide or e-CPD Professional Development Adviser Your Subject Learning Coach (SLC) or Advanced Learning Coach, E-Guide or e-CPD Professional Development Adviser, or staff with a similar role within your organisation, can support your professional development. They can help you to identify the right CPD builder for you, work your way through the activities you select, and reflect on what you have learned. If e-learning is an area where you particularly want to develop your practice, make  contact with your E-Guide or e-CPD Professional Development Adviser. They have a specific remit for supporting colleagues in their use of technology. It may be that your organisation shares one of these roles with a neighbouring provider. You can also work informally with colleagues in your team. Look out for face to face or virtual networks of colleagues with similar interests to your own.  Learners can contribute to your professional development. Involve them as you plan, try out and evaluate new approaches. They are the experts on their learning and insight into what works well can help them as well as you. Supporting your CPD Look at the activities and tools in the Supporting your CPD area of the website. You can use the CPD activity: Small steps – big difference to review your current practice and identify areas for development. As you reflect on your professional development needs and experiences, refer to the reflective tool: Putting CPD into action. This can help you put together your CPD plan and consider the evidence you might look for. Documents in the CPD library can help you as you try out and evaluate new ideas that you have discovered through CPD builder and record the outcomes for your CPD portfolio. You could: devise a Supported experiment using the downloadable guidance notes and form find out more about Action research and how it can contribute to your professional development investigate Peer observation or Teaching squares as ways of working with colleagues to develop your practice. Institute for Learning website For more information about your CPD and the professional registration requirements for teachers in the learning and skills sector, visit the Institute for Learning website at www.ifl.ac.uk You may also want to explore: the different types of CPD activities you could undertake and how the CPD builder can contribute to your professional development plan  how you can use the Institute for Learning tool REfLECT to record your activities and reflections in your personal learning space. Support from LSIS’s Teaching and Learning Programme Subject Learning Coaches (SLCs) and Advanced Learning Coaches (ALCs) supporting coaching activities play a central role in LSIS’s Teaching and Learning Programme. They support individuals, teams and organisations to release their potential. Find out who the SLCs and ALCs are in your organisation and ask how they can help. Coaching has been shown to have a positive and lasting impact on practice. Find out more about the Professional Training Programme (PTP) for SLCs at www.subjectlearningcoach.net Coaches participate in regional Subject Coaching Networks and other peer and community activity such as virtual networks and action research projects to collaborate, bring and exchange ideas and resources developed within their organisations. Any teacher can attend a Subject Coaching Network so ask your SLC for details of the next network in your subject area or visit the website at www.subjectlearningcoach.net/events.aspx Managers’ Engagement and Support Programme The support of senior managers is vital to the successful deployment of SLCs in your organisation. Find out more about the Managers’ Engagement Support Programme (MESP) at www.subjectlearningcoach.net/managers_area/index.aspx If you are a SLC or ALC with a management role, you may want to take part in the MESP and exchange ideas on what you can do to support CPD across your organisation. Effective teaching and learning Teaching effectively and facilitating effective learning requires the use of a range of different but mutually supportive pedagogy approaches. The resources in this topic will take you through the pedagogy approaches and how they can support inclusive teaching and learning, prompting you to reflect on your own practice. These resources can be used individually or within a group CPD session to explore in depth the approaches you might use with learners and to understand more about why and how they work. To develop your skills and understanding in the use of technology to enhance learning, join the eCPD programme and explore the online learning space were you will find teachers sharing their ideas and experiences. Through using inclusive teaching and learning approaches you can support learners in overcoming barriers and achieving their full potential. By listening to learners and encouraging them to take greater control of their own learning you can support progression and help them become expert learners. This topic also provides information about using case studies effectively, which can be a useful tool in promoting inclusivity. These activities can contribute to meeting the Institute for Learning (IfL) 30 hours (or pro rata) continuing professional development (CPD) requirements and can be related to the personalised elements in the professional formation framework to provide supporting evidence of self-evaluation, teaching and learning and subject currency. Developing the expert learner This flexible, generic resource uses a range of learner settings, including prison and work-based learning, to illustrate different aspects of Developing the expert learner under three key strands of: Learner voice; Learning how to learn; and Assessment for learning. The video clips included in the resource provide examples directly relevant to aspects of inclusive teaching and learning, such as age and faith. Becoming ‘expert learners’ enables learners to take greater control of and responsibility for their own learning. Set up a group CPD session using the ‘learner journey’ resource in the ‘Getting started’ section. Try out the two activities in small groups. In what way might inclusion issues have an impact on the development of expert learner characteristics? How can you promote the development of these characteristics? Can you imagine any scenarios where expert learner characteristics might help to break down barriers to learning? Use the information you have gained from using this resource to create an action plan for the coming year. When you have carried out your planned activities, log outcomes and reflections on progress. Using pedagogy to promote inclusive learning These three resources focus on how different pedagogy approaches relate to inclusion and can help promote an inclusive learning environment. Through using these alone or with colleagues you can review how well inclusion is embedded into your practice, and how your organisation can embrace inclusion more fully. The resources will also give you ideas for enabling learners to extend and take responsibility for their own learning. The resources Introducing the 10 pedagogy approaches and Talking teaching, training and learning explore each of the pedagogy approaches and how they can be used. You can also download a set of cards that go into detail about each approach and include suggestions for using the cards individually and with colleagues. The Equality and diversity quick start guide shows how the approaches can be used to promote inclusion. Explore each pedagogy approach and reflect on your own practice. What new approaches could you adopt? How could you use co-operative learning to help prepare learners for job-based team working? How thoroughly do you plan your lessons and how much do you involve learners in planning their own learning? In a CPD activity with colleagues share ideas for setting ground rules or modelling acceptable behaviours to promote inclusivity. Use the information you have gained from using these resources to create an action plan for the coming year. When you have carried out your planned activities, log outcomes and reflections on progress. Effective teaching and learning toolkits The Effective teaching and learning area of LSIS’s Excellence Gateway contains a number of toolkits that can support your practice. The Planning toolkit will help you to understand how to plan sessions and courses effectively with both colleagues and learners. It also explores how to support learners’ planning skills and ways in which you can help them to develop expert learner characteristics. This toolkit will support your use of the resources in the ‘Session and course planning’ topic. The Case study toolkit will help you explore how and when to use case studies to promote inclusive teaching and learning. Case studies help learners engage with real issues and can promote positive attitudes and behaviours. The Effective questioning toolkit focuses on ideas to help you develop your own questioning strategies to identify learners’ needs and use different assessment techniques. The toolkit will also help you support learners in developing their own questioning strategies. These three resources include videos, questions and activities and will help you to understand: why planning is an essential part of successful course delivery and how it can promote individual and whole organisation approaches to inclusive teaching and learning; what is mean by ‘case studies’, the positive impact of using them and how to design effective case studies; why, when and how to ask questions to promote learning and support inclusivity. Explore the resources on your own or with colleagues and consider how you could these approaches in lessons or assessments to promote inclusive teaching and learning. Discuss how effective planning can impact inclusivity. How can you ensure case studies meet the needs of different learners? What pedagogy approaches do you think using case studies and a range of questioning strategies support? How can you work with colleagues and learners to plan inclusive activities and sessions? Use the information you have gained from using this resource to create an action plan for the coming year. When you have carried out your planned activities, log outcomes and reflection on progress. An introduction to inclusive teaching and learning The challenges in ensuring that teaching and learning is inclusive relate largely to the complexity and the number of issues that teachers, managers and organisations need to be aware of in order to meet the needs of all learners. The resources in this topic include specific guidance on disability, learning difficulties, ethnic, cultural, religious and social diversity, gender, age and sexual orientation issues. They also provide guidance on using the 10 pedagogy approaches to promote inclusion, and putting organisation-wide policies into practice. The varied nature of the resources provides a wide range of material to stimulate your thinking and enable you to benefit from others’ experience. Videos show teachers, managers and learners explaining their own inclusion challenges and how they are resolving them, giving you an opportunity for  modelling. Case studies explain how good management and teaching practice aids inclusion in other organisations, and provide ideas you can adapt to suit your own circumstances. Research reports, checklists and detailed guidance offer a menu of suggestions for you to adopt. Using the CPD model of analysis, action and reflection, explore individually or with colleagues those resources which relate to the inclusion issues that currently exist in your organisation. Putting these ideas into action with your learners or colleagues through a structured Action Plan and Reflective Log can contribute to your 30 hours (or pro rata) CPD requirement and can be related to the personalised elements in the professional framework to provide supporting evidence of self-evaluation, professional development and reflective practice. Promoting equality and diversity The Promoting equality and diversity resource offers tools to help you review how well you and your organisation promote equality and inclusion. They will enable you to find new activities and encourage your organisation to fully embrace an inclusive approach to teaching and learning. Individually, use the Equality and diversity pro forma to examine your own practice and your organisation’s approach to inclusion. Next, set up a group CPD session with colleagues to discuss these issues and share ideas about approaches to help improve your practice. In small groups use the prompts in the Help sheet to stimulate discussion. The Help sheet is divided into: what you should know about your learners; the difference between differentiation and inclusion; strategies for teachers, managers and whole organisation approaches; and terms and definitions relating to inclusion. What strategies could you adopt? How can you ensure that you are promoting inclusivity rather than just differentiating between learners? In a CPD activity with colleagues, share ideas for inclusion-based ground rules or ways of modelling acceptable behaviours. Use the resources as a discussion prompt to learn from each other and to agree organisation-wide improvements. Use the information you have gained from using this resource to create an action plan for the coming year. When you have carried out your planned activities, log outcomes and reflections on progress. Encouraging inclusive teaching This seven-page OFSTED document shows how inspectors assess the impact of a school on community cohesion. The General Teaching Council (GTC) website presents research and case studies on inclusion of learners from different religious, ethnic and social backgrounds, plus further ideas for self-reflection and classroom activities around increasing inclusion. These resources will give you valuable background information on experiences in schools in multi-ethnic and multicultural communities, show you what to aim for, and prompt ideas for ways of enhancing inclusion in your organisation. Whilst these resources are school based, they include useful lessons for the learning and skills sector. Discuss with colleagues what is meant by ‘Community cohesion’, remembering that effective community cohesion embraces all strands of equality and diversity. Consider carrying out a survey of cultural diversity within your organisation and the local community, creating a plan for using this data to promote inclusivity. Consider what impact your organisation is making on the community. How could you use co-operative and experiential learning approaches to enable learners to share personal experiences of cultural, faith and race diversity and social exclusion? How can you ensure all learners are included in all activities? How could you  promote inclusion by embedding language, literacy and numeracy? Use the information you have gained from using these resources to create an action plan for the coming year. When you have carried out your planned activities, log outcomes and reflections on progress. Exploring diversity in the classroom This collection of three resources gives you tools and techniques to explore inclusion in the classroom and ensure learners’ needs are accommodated, plus suggestions for your CPD. The QCA Inclusion resource contains guidance and case studies about diversity and inclusion within the curriculum, under headings such as ‘Race, ethnicity and English as an additional language’ and ‘Gifted and talented’. There is also a ‘Respect for All’ audit tool. The Teaching, learning and assessment resource provides a number of downloadable documents including checklists and good practice guides. There is a specific section on ‘Disclosure, Confidentiality and Passing on Information’ which supports dealing with disclosure in a sensitive and effective way. The Making SENse of CPD resource shows how schools are using CPD to meet the needs of all learners including those with special educational needs. Use these resources to audit your practice. Develop curriculum-based activities with colleagues to address inclusion issues relevant to your organisation following the guidance to help you put ideas into practice. Reflect on how well you provide differentiated support, adjustments, access to the curriculum and assessment for learners. What barriers to learning might your learners encounter? How can you use experiential learning to help learners share cultural, religious and other experiences? Use the information you have gained from using these resources to create an action plan for the coming year. When you have carried out your planned activities, log outcomes and reflections on progress.

Famous Person whom you would Consider a “typical” American Essay

Name a famous person whom you would consider a â€Å"typical† American. What characteristics of this individual do you think make her or him typical? Do you consider these characteristics a stereotype? Why, or why not? I think if I had to choose one typical American it would have to be the ‘typical’ ideal American. I do not think that in today’s society that there is a ‘typical’ American.So if I was going to pick a famous person it would have to one from history, Abe Lincoln, for example. He stood for freedom, equality, and upholding the values of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; the values our country was founded on. I think that when he was alive he embodied the characteristics of a typical American because he worked hard to provide for his family and fought hard to stand up for what he believed was right for our country.I consider these to be all wonderful characteristics to have but when applied to the ‘typical’ Ame rican it does seem to be stereotypical or even a little unfair. It is hard in this day and age to embody all of those things that he did. America is a country made up of so many different people with different backgrounds and cultures that we are truly a melting-pot. I think it is time that we redefine the ‘typical’ American to no definition at all. Everyone who is American is ‘typical’, it is what makes this country so great.Resource: Module 4 of Psychology and Your LifeWrite a 200- to 300-word summary describing a time when you had to test a theory. This theory may be something you have tested at work, school, or at home.Answer the following questions in your summary:What type of informal research method did you use?   How was your research method similar to research methods used by psychologists? If given another opportunity, what would you have done differently? Describe one ethical issue mentioned in the text that you have encountered. Why is informe d consent necessary for ethical research? I work in a hotel and I am in charge of getting the housekeepers organized and  working on an acceptable time line. I noticed that they were taking too long to clean the rooms so that I could rent them out again. I decided to do an informal time-motion type study. I would record how long it took them to do the rooms for about a week.I noticed that on one of the days they had planned to do something after work and their room per hour rate went way up. Rechearchers use similar methods when working in the employment settings to see if they can improve morale and production. I probably would not have done much differently. I started motivating them in different ways to make sure that their room rate went up. The only difference was that when we told them about the study, they seemed to move faster. Next time I will just tell them that we are recording their cleaning times and get the results I want, rather than having to give extra incentives. I do not think that there were any moral issues involved in this test. I guess someone could say that I should have let them known that their performance was being recorded. I would not have found the results I did if I had informed them, and as an employee of a company you should expect your performance to be reviewed. If this were a different type of test I can understand how many people want there to be informed consent especially if there is some sort of invasive testing or something that disrupts your normal life.

Research Methods CASE5 Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Methods CASE5 - Research Paper Example It is most commonly applied if the statistical result of the research follows a normal distribution. Additionally its usage is only applicable when the scaling term of the data is known. Incase this is unknown, it is advisable to replace the term with an estimate from the data thereby making t test computation possible (Yule,1897). Analysis of variance or ANOVA on the other hand is a statistical tool used to analyzed research finding that uses the process of partitioning the research variance into components attributable to various sources. This tool provides a statistical test used to determine whether or not the means of a number of groups are all equal. In doing this, this analysis tool generalizes t-test to more than two groups in a particular research. A qualitative research unlike a quantitative one bases its study on the analysis of qualitative phenomenon of the research subjects. Such studies are concerned with the subjective assessments of attitudes, opinions and behaviors of a research group. Regression analysis is the best tool used in analyzing the research findings of a qualitative research (Kutner, Nachtsheim &Neter, 2004). This tool clearly displays the relationship between two or more variables. If effectively used the tool clearly depicts the relationship between dependent and independent vari ables in a

Quotes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Quotes - Essay Example To give some leeway to the other side of the argument, there is certainly a cost associated with getting an education since college is not cheap. It is not really easy to fund a degree since it may require an individual to take out loans, put in their time as well as effort and eventually get a degree that confirms their going to college and obtaining the required training. However, that process in and of itself is such a beneficial training for life that many employers require college education and also ask for higher degrees for higher positions within the same organization. Of course, such an education becomes rewarding since it allows a person to be greater than what they would have been had they not got their required educational qualifications. Overall, I feel that the process of education may be with its ups and downs but the overall affect of the process can not be considered a negative one. In fact, it becomes so positive that the whole process remains a good experience for those who are willing to undertake it. I fully agree with the statement since hope is perhaps the only thing which keeps us alive. Even Shakespeare suggested that in some cases it might be easier to give in to the thousands of sorrows that mortal flesh is heir to yet perhaps it is nobler to remain steadfast against them with hope that one can oppose and overcome them. It is hope for a better tomorrow which keeps us fighting against impossible odds and a hope for a better world which allows us to continue working towards some impossible goal. Without hope, it is unlikely that a person could simply go on living just to stay alive. I feel that the human spirit needs hope since it allows them to look at the future and see a silver lining even if there isn’t one. Without hope, we can actually fall prey to mental diseases which may manifest them as physical ailments or mental ailments

Racial Discrimination in Criminal Justice System Essay

Racial Discrimination in Criminal Justice System - Essay Example The targeting of these groups by the police on the notion that they commit more crimes acts to deepen the alienation and hostility between the police and these communities. These complain of such groups not taken seriously not withstanding that they are a target of regular police hostility and violence. These kinds of racist behavior done trough the complete awareness and consideration by legislators on the history of racism, and the societal challenges brought about by racist treatment of people. The criminal justice system comprises of the courts, police and the correctional facilities. Discrimination usually occurs to individuals who belong to a group either marginalized or belonging to a group that with history of social stigmatization. These individuals have a higher likely hood of torture or undergoing human degrading treatment. The racial origins of a suspect form the basis of making decisions police arrests and police shootings. The race-based discrimination is the greatest c rime in the criminal justice system where the targeted individuals face more aggressive and punishments as compared to the total population. Looking at the United State of America, for example, the African Americans are a target of racial discrimination and face a much harsher punishment and treatment than the whites. Racial discrimination The aspect of racial profiling by the police brings out the vice of racial discrimination by the police. ... In trying to eradicate this practice, the police have tried to keep away from the habits the police force has recruited individuals from these communities into force in order to try and increase the confidence of these communities in the police force. The view among the public citizens is that the functioning of race as a basis of deciding on whom to stop and search is wrong. This position, however, challenged by a section especially in connection to terrorist attacks, and the use of race to form the basis of stop and search seems necessary. The effect of racial profiling is that the police do not get assistance by these communities’ especially in investigations and during community policing done by the police on these neighborhoods. Changes aimed at reducing racial disparity Although considerable efforts made to reduce instances of racial discrimination and increase trust in policing strategies among the communities the practice yet still exists. Scarman's recommendations The Scarman’s report of the Brixton disorders in 1981 extensively seen as of immense significance in development of practices of policing. The inquiry of the Scarman regarded additional necessity by the flare of rioting across the country in the same year. The fundamentally concern was about the failure by the police to deal with riots resulting from repressive policing methods, the failure of approval and the lack of capability in conflict resolution and public disorder. It is essential to note that much of the police reforms conducted during the 1980 s. In consideration to changes in discriminatory practices and policing, Scarman in concluding his report states that the allegations by a number of individuals who offered

Knowledge Management at National Health Services Essay

Knowledge Management at National Health Services - Essay Example It also has 375 intensive care beds in total, and can accommodate a total of 2000 patients in the intensive care unit. The hospital aims to specialize in care giving for cancer and cardiovascular patients. it has employed around 200 doctors whose expertise includes breast cancer, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal diseases and pediatrics. Reddix also employs nearly 400 nurses and other caregivers. The hospital has entirely integrated faculties for medical tests that are related to cancer and cardiovascular prognosis and diagnosis. One of the major problems that the hospital faces is the difficulty in the interoperability within the department systems. The hospital has different departments that cater to the different information needs. The hospital information system comprises the following six systems: Considering the number of systems it has it is evident that the hospital could have interoperability issues. Interoperability refers to the capacity of different and diverse systems and or physical components of a single system to work together through the use of agreed standards and specifications (Cetis, 2008). It helps the organization to create synergy in the organization. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts, being inter-operable, the organization is able to work as a whole instead of working as separate entities. A recent report by the National Health Services criticized the Hospital Administration System of Reddix and said that it was extremely outdated and old and stated its concerns about the patient's files not being available to the concerned caregivers when it is direly required. This is because Reddix is unable to meet the IT needs that are needed so that the doctors, nurses and care givers can easily access all patients' files electronically whenever they nee d them. There are many strategies that the hospital can use in order to bring out a successful change process. In order to do that the Hospital needs to look at the problems individually and then come up with solutions. Specialists of management and healthcare were brought in to assess the current condition The major IT problem at Reddix is that they are using a centralized structured computing system to integrate all its IT applications and the software that is being used was developed nearly forty years ago using proprietary language which could only be used on limited software and did not have a very user friendly interface and there were problems relating to communication with other systems of Reddix such as clinical, diagnostic etc. It was also difficult to connect simple desktop applications such as word processing Reddix needs to develop a business plan that integrates a new IT system that will change its information processing in such a way that it benefits the organization as well as the people involved in it. As technology is progressing as we move into the next generation, there have been changes in the architecture of the information systems that are moving towards distributed computing systems. Distributed computing is a system of computer processing in which the system does not have a central server

DiSC Personality Sssessment Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DiSC Personality Sssessment - Research Proposal Example How important is it that a persons' DISC Profile match up with the perceived needs of a particular job I wish to address this problem specifically within the context of a teacher's perception of a secondary principal in his or her role of leading teachers through the change process. This could serve as a useful tool in improving the performance of a secondary principal or even help in defining the actual expectations for a particular position. From this basic research, many more meaningful studies could come about. The problem is that we wish to understand what teachers need from the secondary principal in terms of DISC traits and if these perceived needs have the potential to be fulfilled within the actual relationship. We could discover if it is in some way helpful to use the DISC Profile in identifying future candidates and delineate which particular qualities in the candidate make them most appropriate. The study could be used as an aide to modify the performance of an existing principal by identifying key areas for improvement. The purpose of the study is to determine if there is any correlation between a teacher's perspective of DISC Profile personality traits of an ideal secondary principal and the actual results of DISC analysis of a secondary principal... One provocative theory is that the teachers know best about which personality traits a principal must possess in order to achieve success in leading them through the change process. In an ideal situation, these expectations would be fully realized during the change and correlate closely with the actual DISC assessment of a successful principal. This is the most tempting possibility because it is the simplest and most straightforward. It lends credence to the idea that there is a high degree of correlation between expectations and outcome. When the project is moving along according to plan, then it is an excellent indicator that all is well. Further investigation is required only when the performance is unsatisfactory. The DISC analysis is a useful tool because it is geared towards self-improvement and personal growth. In this study, discrepancies between actual and perceived DISC traits could be revealing in such a way that would allow a secondary principal to achieve his or her full potential. If from a teacher's perspective a secondary principal was lacking in some critical personality trait and this conflicted with his or her DISC Profile, then that might indicate the capacity and need for change. The DISC Profile could act as a common ground between all of the individuals involved in the process and provide direction for increasing the effectiveness of the project as a whole. The methodology of this research study would involve the distribution, collection, and analysis of a DISC type personality trait inventory sent to teachers and comparison of these inventories to an actual DISC Profile completed by the secondary principal. As a model for the study, one local high school would be selected to participate based on interest and the ability to

Nutrition Article Review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nutrition Article Review - Research Paper Example Those proteins that are involved in the facilitation of biochemical reactions are enzymes and they are referred to as catalysts because they help in speeding up reactions. Examples of such enzymes include pepsin and lactase. While pepsin is a digestive enzyme and helps in the breakdown of protein, lactase breaks down lactose found in the milk. Messenger proteins that help in he coordination of bodily functions are known as hormones. Examples of hormones are oxytocin, insulin and somatotropin. While insulin regulates the metabolism of glucose and controls the concentration of glucose in the blood, oxytocin causes contraction of the uterus in women during childbirth. On the other hand, somatotropin stimulates the production of protein in the muscle cells. Storage proteins are those which store aminoacids and examples of those are casein and ovalbumin. Transport proteins carry molecules from one place to another and examples of these are cytochromes and hemoglobin. Thus, this article pr ovides an overview of the functions of proteins in our body. The presentation of this article is clear and easy understandable. Reference Bailey, R. (2010). Ptrotein Function. About.com. Biology. Retrieved on 19th February, 2010 from http://biology.about.com/od/molecularbiology/a/aa101904a.htm

The Management of Restraint and Seclusion for Aggression in Essay

The Management of Restraint and Seclusion for Aggression in Psychiatric Patients in Inpatient Units - Essay Example Although initially nonviolent, Jane turned aggressive during normal sampling for tests and punched the nurse who was collecting samples for the tests. On becoming excessively aggressive, the patient was secluded and further restraint to minimize harm to her, her loved ones and the facilities’ staffs and other clients. However, these interventions are rather controversial and the family members opposed their use just as health care and legal professionals and the public continue to question their therapeutic capacities. Consequently, their use is questioned and opposed in equal measures. Instead, aggression management strategies such as individualized safety plans, patient-specific and focused restraint management and prevention, staff notification of restraint and seclusion phenomena, official briefing and debriefing about restraint and nursing staff mentoring are encouraged. In applying these interventions, a nurse leaders and managers should work with all other stakeholders, especially other medical and nursing staff and the families or caretakers of the patient. Consultative approach to leadership would have been quite appropriate for dealing with Jane’s situation. Transformational leadership theory, which postulates that great leadership emerges in cases of problems and encourages collaboration and teamwork, could also apply in this situation. In addition, the contingency theory, which expects leaders to different behaviours and contexts or circumstances are and react accordingly is also appropriate for handling Jane’s aggression. This paper proposes strategies likely to help eliminate or reduce the use of restraint and seclusion as the first choice measures whenever a psychiatric patient turns aggressive on self or others. Introduction For many nurses working in psychiatric inpatient units, violence and aggression are common phenomena. Aggression continues to pose serious challenges to psychiatric inpatient unit nurses despite the many modern and universal methods and strategies of restraint (Schacht, 2006). The two most commonly used interventions applied in the treatment and management of violent and disruptive conducts in psychiatric patients are seclusion and intervention (Anderson & West, 2011). Notably, the application and management of these nursing interventions vary from one country and institution to another. The central role played by these interventions have been largely highlighted in quite a number of nursing and health care studies and literatures, with most of the authors citing numerous recommendations for managing and reducing mental patient aggression (Peterson, 2004). In most of the studies and literatures, the effects of seclusion and restraint on mental illness patients and the prevention of seclusion and restraint or the reduction of their use are among the most highlighted aspects of seclusion management (The Joint Commission, 2008). Whereas seclusion refers to retaining and placing a ment ally ill inpatient in a room so that the immediate aggressive clinical situation is contained, restraint entails the use of different techniques that are custom-made to confine a mentally person to specific body motions (Cruzan, 1992). Despite the difference in meaning, both seclusion and restraint are measures generally used with the aim of preventing further injuries to patients, harm to nurses and to reduce violence and agitation (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, 2006). This paper explores the appropriate management and leadership strategies for handling restraint of mentally ill inpatients by nurses. The following case study of an aggressive patient will form the basis of the proposed aggression management strategies outlined in the paper. Sample Case Jane (name changed for confidentiality)

The Influence of Film and Fashion and the Impact on Cultural Essay

The Influence of Film and Fashion and the Impact on Cultural Traditions of Behavior - Essay Example The paper "The influence of film on fashion" explores film influenced on the fashion. The film industry has also used this as a tool to create messages with the intent of changing and challenging cultural trends. In looking at the way in which fashion and behavior has been influenced by film, it is clear that the film industry has had a monumental impact on the way in which the event of going to the movies has a broader influence than merely the entertainment value that is offered. The existence of fashion in film is a form of communication that lends to the overall intent of each scene. According to Munich, the fashion in film gives further meaning to the communication that is intended by the look that has been created to enhance the overall design and look. Fashion and costuming becomes a part of the set design, the color of the walls being in balance with the color of the dress, the forms and structures of each element of the scene, including the clothing that the actors wear, a c arefully constructed ‘painting’ that gives to each scene the depth that will provide the messages that the meaning intends to convey. The look is a part of the overall communication, tying the fashion to cultural meanings and emphasizing new ways of viewing when done well. The meanings behind fashion have often been in creating a sense of social class, but through film these meanings become conveyed to all classes. According to what Munich has written, â€Å"Film offers fashion to the masses and is an avenue to its democratization†. ... A bottle of Coca Cola is a classic example of how the consumer culture is equalized through transactions. A bottle Coca Cola is worth the same amount of money to someone who is poor as it is to someone who is wealthy. No one pays more or less for a better or worse bottle of the product (Pendergrast 15). In this same vein of thought, Munich has suggested that fashion has been equalized through the same process as fashion becomes accessible for cloning to those in lower class levels as well as higher class levels (5). The visual opportunity to see styles and concepts allows for fashion to infiltrate sectors of the society that would not have had this opportunity in other time periods where accessibility was as easily attained. In designing clothing for the public, a designer must not only have a sense of how the evolution of the history of fashion has transpired, but must have a sense of what is important within the culture so that the clothing continues that communication. Film influe nces the direction that cultural thought processes are developed, and how the dress of a film has been developed in order to understand those thought processes further can be transferred as a part of the communication and message. An example of this type of influence can be seen through the film Annie Hall directed by Woody Allen. In the film, the lead character Annie Hall, played by Dianne Keaton, wears a specific wardrobe that has a masculinized representation. The wardrobe includes menswear in the form of hats, ties, and menswear style fabrics. The look was casual, oversized, and detailed with feminine pieces to give a sophisticated, cross gender look. After the release of the film, the look as it was created by

The Impact of Buddhism on Indian Society Essay Example for Free

The Impact of Buddhism on Indian Society Essay It has been said that Buddhism came as a reaction to the corruption of the Vedic ideals that were governing the Indian society. The Vedic ideals which were governing society till then had become conventional and lost their inner force. As we have seen in the earlier chapter, the caste system had a high and noble goal; but now it tended to become hereditary, rigid and inelastic. At the same time the teachings of the Vedic Rishis were being applied in a more and more ritualistic and mechanical manner. As already seen, Indian society was graded in such a way that all men could participate in a full life according to their stage of evolution under the control of Dharma. As and when one was ready, one could take up the full spiritual life at the appropriate time. Life was not divided into the spiritual life and the ordinary life for it was a gradual ascension into spirituality. But now with the weakening of the Vedic ideals, spirituality waned and the fulfilment of life became an excuse for the uncontrolled indulgence of desires and worldly satisfactions. A temporary period of negation was therefore necessary. Buddhism with its exaggerated stress on the unreality of this world and worldly desires seemed to satisfy this need. In sum, Buddhism came as a reaction to the lowering of the Vedic ideals. However, Buddhism by its exaggerated emphasis on quiescence and self-abnegation, unwisely created a division in society; it created two distinct classes the monk and the layman, the man of the world and the spiritual man. This division implied that the man of the world was inferior to the monk and thus relegated worldly action to the lowest importance. This division of society into two classes, namely the spiritual seekers and the ordinary man created a disharmony and became the author of confusion in society. As a result, under its influence half the nation moved in the direction of spiritual passivity and negation, the other by a natural reaction plunged deep into a splendid but enervating materialism. The Indian race lost three parts of its ancient heroic manhood, its grasp on the world, its magnificently ordered polity and its noble social fabric. Thus Buddhism weakened Indian society although Buddha himself contributed greatly to Indian spirituality. Buddhism never really took firm root in India; it was outside India, in China and Japan and Tibet that it got established. But the Buddha himself was recognised by Indian religion as one of the Avatars. However, it must be added that the Buddhist influence on art was considerable and it inspired for centuries Indian sculpture and painting. Indeed some of the finest pieces of Indian art have been the direct result of Buddhistic influence; one such example is the painting and sculptures in Ajanta and Ellora. It will not be out of place to note the differences between Hinduism and Buddhism. 1.  Hinduism is based on the Veda while Buddhism rejects the Veda. Veda means revealed knowledge, which one accepts in order to grow in knowledge. Buddhism accepts nothing on trust, but asks to test everything by one’s reason and experience. 2. The first principle that Vedic Knowledge posits is Sat, Being, Pure Existence, Reality. The first principle Buddhism posits is Asat, Non-Being, Non-Reality. 3. This metaphysical position is faithfully translated in the respective logical positions of the two. Buddhist logic considers negation as a simple contrary to affirmation. It is not an entity; it is the lack of entity.  Hindu logic makes of negation a positive statement but on the minus side, just as Hindu mathematics did not consider zero as valueless but gave a special position to it. 4. The Vedic Rishis declared that all existence is built upon delight, all things are born out of delight and move from delight to delight, and delight is their final culmination. Buddhism said misery is the hallmark of things created; sorrow is the marrow and pith and the great secret of existence. In sum, while Buddha was a great spiritual personality, an embodiment of compassion, the religion of Buddhism could not take complete hold of the Indian people.

The Evolution of Urban Society in Mesopotamia

The Evolution of Urban Society in Mesopotamia Where and when did the first urban societies appear? Were the earliest cities a prerequisite for the development of civilization or merely by-products of it? These are fundamental questions that are attempted to be answered in studies of the ‘urban revolution, which is defined as â€Å"emergence of urban life and the concomitant transformation of human settlements from simple agrarian-based systems to complex and hierarchical systems of manufacturing and trade.† (Gotham 2007) For decades now, many anthropologists, archaeologists and historians have accepted that the ‘cradle of civilization was situated in the Fertile Crescent, a vast stretch of land which extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. More specifically referred to is Mesopotamia, meaning â€Å"land between the rivers† in Greek, lying in the basin of the rivers Tigris and Euphrates. Mesopotamia is indeed the oldest site that provides evidence of a complex and urban society, s uch as writing, grand architecture, and bureaucracy. It contains all the characteristics necessary to support the social, economic, and religious needs of a large and sedentary population. Although there is no exact definition for an urban society, scholars have established a myriad of different criteria to classify societies. One of the earliest, and most important, lists of characteristics used to evaluate whether a society can be described as urban was V. Gordon Childes ten-point model in his seminal article â€Å"The Urban Revolution†. His analysis of these different, yet related, factors is often summarized under the acronym â€Å"POET†: population, organization, environment and technology (Wyly 6:2008). For this essay, I will focus on these four criteria and how the ancient societies in Mesopotamia satisfied them. First of all, the growth and density of a population depends on the food supply available, which is restricted by the natural resources available to the inhabitants. Mesopotamia was blessed as a rich agricultural area between its two rivers. It had very favourable geographical characteristics as a flat and alluvial land. As a consequence of its consistent elevation, the Tigris and the Euphrates flowed relatively slowly. The lack of natural dykes or barriers to the rivers caused the yearly flooding. The waters consistently overflowed their banks and deposited a rich layer of silt onto the plains. Since the ground in southern Mesopotamia was extremely fecund, people were able to regularly grow an abundance of crops which could support a considerable population. According to Elvin Wyly (1998), â€Å"After a long period of struggles to improve cultivation techniques in the fertile river valleys, archaeologists believed, an ‘agricultural revolution allowed the production of a surpl us that eventually laid the basis for an ‘urban revolution about 5,500 years ago (3,500 before the current era, or BCE).† It was from the environment that social surpluses were made possible, meaning farmers were able to produce annually more food than what was necessary to sustain him and his family. However, the annual flooding of the plains was often a mixed blessing. Although the fertility of the soil was caused by centuries of silt deposits transferred from the river beds, the flooding could also be unpredictably catastrophic. In an instant, rivers could destroy crops and wipe out entire communities and their inhabitants. Once the hordes of neighbouring peoples settled in adjacent to the waterways, it became necessary for them to join together in a form of collective management to protect their settlements and livelihoods from flooding. This collective management of the flood waters and the social surplus associated with it formed the rudimentary conditions for the progression of Sumerian civilization. Childe (1950: 8) makes this point clear when he notes, â€Å"At the same time dependence on river water for the irrigation of the crops restricted the cultivable areas while the necessity of canalizing the waters and protecting habitations against annual floods encouraged the aggregation of population. Thus arose the first cities—units of settlement ten times as great as any known Neolithic village.† These novel agricultural innovations of controlled irrigation and canalization served as catalysts for the broader societal changes. By providing a consistent social surplus, the populations of the earliest cities in Mesopotamia were able to rapidly increase in absolute terms and also in the density of their settlement. The greater numbers of people provided the basis for specialization and hierarchical institutions. The largest Mesopotamian city Ur, which was built on a tributary of the Euphrates, had a maximum population of 34, 000 in the old walled city, and possibly more than 340,000 when its surrounding regions are included (Wyly 2008: 2). This is an astounding number for a settlement during this period. Among the rivers and streams, the Sumerian people built the first cities along with irrigation canals which were separated by vast stretch es of open desert or swamp where nomadic tribes roamed. Communication among the isolated cities was difficult and at times dangerous. Thus each Sumerian city became a city-state, independent of the others and protective of its independence. This demonstrates that the development of cities and states were inextricably linked, as one was necessary for the formation of the other. This irrigation cultivation and food surplus released certain members of the population from manual labour. The economic and political transformations that brought about early complex societies were largely due to the production of a social surplus by commoners, which enabled the formation of political differentiation and the complex division of labour. Thus began the process of social stratification and the formation of different social classes, perhaps the most significant change incurred by the Urban Revolution â€Å"As with other cities of Mesopotamia, Ur was socially heterogeneous, with a detailed specialization of labor, and substantial differences in wealth and power between an elite class and the remainder of the population.† (Wyly 2008: 2). A strict hierarchy began. At the top were the land-owning elites, consisting of nobles, priests and the military, who controlled the distribution of the surplus. Next, there were specialists such as craftspeople, metallurgists, and scribes employed to track the surplus. At the bottom were the powerless peasants who supported the entire economy on their backs. Smith (2009: 10) notes that â€Å"Sir Leonard Woolley (1954) was directing excavations at Ur, where he uncovered evidence for many craft specialists in the residential neighborhoods.† The power of the elites was symbolized and consolidated by the construction of grand public monuments. â€Å"Every Sumerian city was from the first dominated by one or more stately temples, centrally situated on a brick platform raised above the surrounding dwellings and usually connected with an artificial mountain, the staged tower or ziggurat.† (Childe 1950: 14). Granaries and workshops were attached to these temples allowing the concentration of food and wealth to be held in the hands of a relative few. The ability to store and trade the surplus spurred scientific innovations in measurement and storage, while new political means emerged to supervise the allocation of the surplus and its benefits. According to Childe (1950: 16), new technologies and innovations emergence directly from the need to manage and organize the surplus. The priests and bureaucrats of Sumerian temple invented the first type of writing, in the form of Sumerian cuneiform, as a way of accounting and re cording the resources and revenues collected as tribute from the commons. The invention of writing led to the development of other â€Å"exact and predictive sciences—arithmetic, geometry and astronomy†. The use of writing and sciences for administrative purposes by the state is one of the hallmarks of a more complex, urban society. George Cowgill (2004: 535) claims that â€Å"If the first cities were deliberately created, it is likely that they were new kinds of settlements that arose abruptly, rather than old kinds of settlements that gradually grew so large that they became qualitatively as well as quantitatively different.† Works Cited Childe, V. Gordon 1950 The Urban Revolution. Town Planning Review 21:3-17. Cowgill, George L. 2004 Origins and Development of Urbanism: Archaeological Perspectives. Annual Review of Anthropology 33:525-544. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica 2009 History of Mesopotamia. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/376828/Mesopotamia, accessed November 20, 2009. Smith, Michael E. 2009 V. Gordon Childe and the Urban Revolution: An Historical Perspective on a Revolution in Urban Studies. Town Planning Review 80:3-29. Wyly, Elvin 2008 Urban Origins and Historical Trajectories of Urban Change. Introduction to Urban Geography 1-10.

Effects of Activities of Fluorides and Salivary Amylase

Effects of Activities of Fluorides and Salivary Amylase Ever since 1919, effects of activities of fluorides and salivary amylase have been reported. Nonetheless, research on effects of salivary amylase and fluorides activities are limited. Investigation carried out by several researchers on salivary amylase about splitting properties of starch to dental caries development showed mixed results. While other studies implied a correlation between dental caries and high activities of salivary amylase, some research on the same topic showed negative correlation. At the same time, other studies showed no correlation at all (Vergona, 1993). Salivary amylase aids in metabolism and colonization of streptococcus that lead to dental plague and dental caries formation. It acts as a receptor on which microorganism sticks to tooth surfaces. Moreover it has capabilities of binding to surfaces of bacteria and hydrolyses starch to produce products that are altered to form acids. In in vivo and in vitro studies, it is indicated that sodium fluoride inhibits salivary amylase enzyme when the concentration of fluoride is more than 5 x 10-2 M (BioSciences Information Service of Biological Abstracts, 1978). This means that salivary amylase of human being is not impinged on when fluoride concentration is below 5 x 10-2 M. In vivo study showed that when a rat drinks water that has 25 or 50 ppm of fluorides for a period of four weeks, there is stimulation of salivary amylase secretion and flow rate in parotid glands (Afonsky, 1961). Influence of human salivary glands by fluoride is done by use of sodium fluoride solution (NaF) in in vitro experiment. In this experiment, participants are allowed to fast overnight and wash their mouth with water that is distilled before chewing parafilm at around 9 a.m. Saliva is then produced within the next two minutes after water rinsing for a period of ten minutes and centrifuged at 12500 x g in a centrifuge known as Sorvall RC2-B. At this point the saliva ph level is measured (Kettering Laboratory, 1963). The data produced from preliminary analysis of this study do not show any important difference between sexes on activities of salivary amylase. Varying the concentration of NaF ranging (sodium flouride) between 0 and 500 mM do not cause major differences in activities of salivary amylase. When NaF concentration is at 100 mM, the activity of salivary amylase is more than 100%. But when the concentration of NaF is at 500mM, the activity of salivary amylase becomes 92.8%. Because of intraoral activity of salivary amylase, it is considered as very important for oral health. Salivary gland produces this enzyme and is found at a low concentration in parotid gland. It is protein in nature and in molecular terms, it has a 62-67 kDa weight. Amylase enzyme digests polysaccharides through hydrolysis of glycogen, 4 glucosidic starch linkages and other polysaccharides (Rajesndran, 2009). An assay enzyme is made by a mixture that has 3ml of 0.2% of solution of starch, 3% of 0.1M solution of Tris buffer which has a ph of 7.0 and 0.1M solution of saliva extract that is diluted. The assay mixture is warmed at a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius for a period of one hour. Towards the end period of experiment, aliquot solution having 1.0 M is pipetted in a test tube that has a 1.0 N solution of Nelson_Somogyi. This mixture is then heated in hot water for a period not less than ten minutes. 1.0M solution of NaF solution is added to this mixture after cooling down. The resultant solution is suitably diluted and read in a spectrophotometer on 520nm mark. In a latest research, it was shown that a decoction of tea that has high fluoride concentration exhibits no amylase inhibition. Moreover, no enzyme activity is observed on addition of more concentration of NaF (Seifert, 1986). Ph variation of incubation medium caused the NaF inhibition effect. In this experiment, after incubation period of one hour, it is impossible to sense variations that are more than 0.01 ph unit. Making a comparison between the joint results gained from the experiment with water and the one that was gotten from rinsing with a solution of 0.05% NaF shows that the difference becomes significantly significant. There is a possibility that huge individual variation gotten from every group is likely to influence analysis. The final results gotten for activity of amylase in in vivo experiment were succumbed to test of Kolmogorov-Smirnov (p Even though the alpha-amylase shows to be remarkably stable on high ph levels, it is quite possible that detected decrease in enzyme activity levels when it was treated with 100 mM and 500nM NaF solution respectively is caused by increase in ph by the fluoride actions. The stability and activity of human salivary amylase is relied on aluminium and sodium ions that are present. Just like disulfide linkages, aluminium specifically forms cross-links of molecules with the protein of the enzyme. A number of enzymes that need aluminium for activity are slowed down by fluoride. The mechanism used in inhibition seem to be through fluoride that induced aluminium removal as it was suggested in a previous research that used amylase which was obtained from mung bean seedlings (Thimann, 1944). Another study that has been carried out in Mexico by Alarcon-Herrera et al indicates that spontaneous fractures of bones in adults frequently show decreased tensile strength in bones were proportionally higher at 6ppm F concentration in water than at any other concentration level of F(Tmh, 2006). However, dental fluorosis that increases with increased F concentration in water correlates with incidences of bone fractures in both adults as well as children (King Reiss, 2001). Conclusion This study has shown that the effects of NaF concentration on human salivary amylase activities are shown in in vivo and in vitro experiments. In vitro experiment showed that no statistically considerable difference is observed in the activity of amylase after incubation period of one hour using a fluoride solution that is concentrated to 550mM. With in vivo experiment, the effect of 0.05% solution of sodium fluoride is examined on human salivary amylase that was gathered at different intervals after rinsing the mouth of the participants. For a second time, no statistically considerable difference is examined in the activity of amylase in all the examined samples.

Seeking the Living Story: A Comparison of SongCatcher and molly has her say :: Essays Papers

Seeking the Living Story: A Comparison of SongCatcher and molly has her say Drama is a medium of truth-telling about the unseen substance of our lives. Challenging accepted Western stories of power, of truth, of morality and of self, Native American playwrights Marcie R. Renton and Margaret Brubauc develop dialogue that spans physical and spiritual realms, both on and off the stage. Within Renton’s SongCatcher and Brubauc’s molly has her say, spiritual character and multidimensional space are blended in modern day settings, calling Native American peoples to defy Western history books and seek Native roots. Using real historical data, these playwrights craft the power of drama into an inspirational conversation of true Native American identity. In the intimate relationship between performer and audience, there is power to challenge the stories we believe, both what we know about ourselves, and our world. Onstage interactions and struggles with the supernatural defy audiences to deny of the possibility of its existence and more generally the possibility for existence of things we cannot know fully. As characters struggle with preconceived notions of reality and interfering spirit characters, so audiences must suspend assumptions of history and engage in the cultural conflict of Native Americans dealing with spirit forces on stage. Supernatural character Molly Ockett is a symbol of the â€Å"past† story grad student Molly Marie longs to deny in her â€Å"personal history† (Bruchac 320), just as the spirit of Francess Denmore is a symbol of Western pomposity Jack desperately wants to trust in as he learns â€Å"[his] history, learn some things about who [he] really [is]† (Renton 22). These symbolic charact ers and modern day casts are a means of engaging in greater themes of cultural rights and the meaning of heritage. Shared space and physical proximity of characters proves the connection between history, heritage and modern day life. Renton builds a dream dimension in her play, allowing the reality of spirits to coexist in both real and imagined time. Bruchac’s play is more of a relationship between two spirits and one woman, and needs no dream element. Molly Marie and Molly Ockett co-exists in real time, as does Old Mali, ever present and completely invisible, though only Molly Marie is living today. Each space is multi-dimensional and transcendent of time, as supernatural characters interact freely with modern characters through shared objects like doors, cigarette lighters, coffee cups. As spiritual characters go into modern character’s space, touching physical props, the ethical questions of identity each drama poses transcend time to modern minds and hearts.

Advertisements Essay -- Essays Papers

Advertisements Advertisements are everywhere. Whether it is a magazine, billboard, television or radio, ads attempt to catch people’s eyes from all over. An advertisement uses many different aspects in order to entice its possible consumers. In a commercial for Thermasilk hair products, the product craved attention; therefore the advertiser used a popular song to hook the viewers. The ad continues on with its temptations to reel in consumers by expressing a well-known desire of many women: to have the perfect head of hair. Today, not many people are satisfied with what they have, therefore they strive for what they do not already obtain. The ad pledges to viewers that by using Thermasilk products, they must not just â€Å"Blow DRY† their hair, instead they should â€Å"Blow Beautiful.† The ad emphasizes that Thermasilk products will improve the hair’s beauty. Looking good in today’s world is an important aspect that includes hair in its approach to superior fashio n. The advertiser uses popular music and an appealing saying in order to interest women who want the hair they do not have. With style and emotional appeals, including the need for attention, for prominence and the need to achieve, this Thermasilk ad lures in viewers in the attempt to stimulate feelings in their minds. In â€Å"Advertising’s Fifteen Basic Appeals,† by Jib Fowels, he relies on style to add to the emotional appeals that illustrate advertisements. The advertiser used a stylistic approach to increase the attention the ad receives. As a means to support his use of style along with emotional appeals, Fowels states, â€Å"[r]oughly fifteen percent of all advertisements incorporate a celebrity, almost always from the fields of entertainment or sports.† This other grouping of... ...and helps guide them towards their desired status. Fowels believes â€Å"[a]s time has gone by, buyers have become stoutly resistant to advertisements.† In order to surpass this skepticism of advertisements, it is an advertiser’s responsibility to renew that belief to increase the awareness of ads. This Thermasilk advertisement invokes feelings of recognition, importance and persistence in their viewers in order to captivate their audience. In attracting their audience, the ad also attempts to slip a memory of the advertisement into their minds and noticeably attracts people who are not completely satisfied with their looks and image. Works Cited: Fowels, Jib. â€Å"Advertising’s Fifteen Basic Appeals.† Common Culture: Reading and Writing About American Pop Culture. Ed. Michael Petracca and Madeline Sorapure. 4th ed. New Jersey: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 1993. 78-96.

Understanding Mental Illness :: essays research papers fc

Understanding Mental Illness: Means for Lifting the Stigma As a victim of the debilitating mental illness clinical depression, I have a first hand knowledge of the terrible stigma attached to seeking medical help for this and similar problems. When the diagnosis was made, I told no one that I was seeing a psychologist. I feared what people would think of me and how they would react to one of their friends seeing a "shrink". Because mental illnesses are not well known and even less well understood, people tend to fear them. People who may be afflicted with mental illnesses often shy away from treatment because they fear that they will be labeled "crazy" or sent to an institution. I think that the stigma attached to mental health care could be easily lifted if regular psychiatric examinations were instituted, much the same as regular physicals. As people are exposed to the illnesses and begin to understand their origins and ways to help, this fear of people afflicted with the diseases should shrink (ha ha) and eventual ly disappear. As our country moves from a society made up of mainly manual laborers, to a society of white-collar workers, Americans find themselves with more and more leisure time. Often, if everything is going well in the world, society will look for problems to take the place of those that have been eliminated. For example, during the past ten years, Americans have had few really big problems, there have been no close to home wars, the economy is doing well, and unemployment has been dramatically down. Because of this, people have had large amounts of free time and energy, which was previously spent trying to work out larger problems and issues. For many people, this time is spent looking within themselves and often noticing things within their personality and psyche that would have been overlooked by earlier generations (onhealth.com/ conditions/cause). Statistics of today would lead one to believe that the occurrence of these illnesses has increased, however; awareness and the willingnes s of the victim to receive help has increased instead. There is less of a stigma attached to seeking mental health care than there has ever been before in this country. People are more willing to recognize and obtain help for their problems instead of ignoring them and going on with their lives as if nothing is wrong. With the continual exposure of the general public to these diseases, society is sure to place even a lesser degree of shame on the sufferer and his or her family.

Determining Databases and Data Communication Essay

Understanding technology is important when managing companies that have computer technology as their backbone. Knowing this information helps the employees responsible for information management to make informed choices about how to implement technology. These decisions allow the manager to successfully use time and resources in apparently menacing tasks. This is shown in the two scenarios. In the first scenario, a marketing assistant of a consumer electronics company is given the task of maintain booths for trade shows from the beginning to the end of the show, they are also responsible to solve any issues related to the product shipment that may arise. Knowing what information is important in making sure the right tools are used. Situations like those call for detailed lists of displays, equipment and booths are necessary, also how the equipment is going to be shipped and received. For example if a show is to be organized in Chicago with a requirement of one booth and display. The marketing assistant musk be certain that the booth with the display must be brought to the location in time and also be taken down and shipped backed for future use in the company. With knowing what the tracking number from the post office is a tab can be kept on the package through all stages of transport. Each show typically needs certain tools for maintaining information and tracking the equipment. Excel is a good way to start the tracking. However, it may not be useful with large sets of data and data that vary. A database maybe a more useful choice because it can store all types of data and the marketing assistant can generate reports for future reference while making changes (changing the shipment time to make sure it arrives on time) In cases like this where only one person is responsible for a large database it is a good idea to use a database management systems that are available across all department of an organization. This gives all the control to one person for several departments. This also prevents confusion when many employees come together to manage information. When the marketing assistant faces the task of maintain and managing mass data related to the show, there needs to be a decision support system (DSS)Â  to help them in the process. A DSS can be describes as a computer system capable of assisting in the evaluation and determination of action plans by data collected from previous dealings of the company. The data is then analyzed by statistical tools for data interpretation. The process can help provide valuable insights to marketing assistant in improving future shows. In the second scenario, the objective is the proper management of a consulting team consisting of seven members with technology. Some of them work in the office and some work from home. In order for the business to run smoothly everyone need to be reached with equal effort. A way that this could happen is the use of a Wide Area Network or a WAN that could connect the employees across specific regions. Regardless of the employees’ physical location, all employees would be able to reach the same information. Most consulting projects have strict deadlines and all the employees must be allowed access to equipment like the printers and scanners connected to the network. This could create some security concerns while working on the WAN. It is possible that hackers could breach the network and put malicious malware or viruses on the devices. This of course could be prevented with certain programs that protect against malware and viruses. A wireless connection is also a good idea when needing remote access. Wireless is similar to WAN in that it can provide access to employees to information secured in the workplace. A virtual private network or a VPN needs to be installed to deal with concerns for privacy. A VPN is good because it withhold sensitive information from non employees by giving them access rights. This helps with incidents such as malware or virus program attacks which could affect functionality. Cost and features are important factors when choosing which route to go. The information regarding to wireless networks needs to help in choosing the right wireless network can be stored in an Excel document. The price cannot be the deciding factor when purchasing. Speed and security features are also important when deciding. It is important to make a list prioritizing and listing features of the network necessary for the company. This way a wireless network can be found at a minimal cost. Knowledge of technology that are made use of in a company can go a long way in helping supervisors and managers decide upon the tools to be used in a more efficient and smart manner. In the first scenario the marketing assistant is able to use a database to organize the information need for the trade show. The second scenario shows where WAN and wireless networking enables a consulting team to access data securely and on a strict time schedule with no regards to their physical location. These scenarios show the usefulness of technology in a business setting.

Coca cola marketing research Essay

The coca plant- pot company was established butt in 1886 and it is close to famous of creating the easy drink coca green goddess. Based on a global brand study, coca plant booby was the worlds well-nigh valu equal to(p) brand in 2011. Though, prospectting ilk in entirely those old and surface developed brands, coca poop is face maturation problem, a dis chargeion with the late generation and it seems resembling community atomic number 18 non picking up coca cola as a chic drink and a sign of imperturbability anymore as there ar so galore(postnominal) other drinks acquirable in the market nowaday. In rule to beat the brands cooking stove young, coca plant the skinny started a streamlet back in 2011 called tract a change state, internally kn possess as Project Connect. It is a oecumenical bid that started with their Australia team and in 2014 the ply has finally reached Hong Kong. There atomic number 18 dickens accusings for this driving, to start up the caution of the younger generation and to make them step like coca grass is still a smart and cool affair to be talk astir(predicate) and another talk prey for the budge is in truth respectable to brook e very unmatched to talk roughly coca low-down again, both in the real and realistic world.As menti wholenessd, coca plant cola is laborious to get collection with young world again and to make coca locoweed the cool thing to be lecture about among passel, so the patsy sense of hearing of the campaign is young adults centering on demographic of 18 25 historic utmost old, who is health consumers, affluent and really is the flow and future major stakeholders for the brand. In secern to bring concourse unneurotic to apportion a one C, coca plant booby swapped out snowfalls chaste label on bottles and crumbs with 200 of Hong Kongs most popular nick call, like (queen), Gag (joke maker), Buddy, (fans), (expert), (goddess), (god) or third estateplace name calling like Yan, Wah, Lee, Fung and Ming or phases like miss you, love you, Oh dear, Cheer up and Im yours and so onThis is one of the dodging that Coca Cola came out to bring together to talk about Coca Cola again, a new concept that reversal came up and wants to promote is donationability. Coca Cola understands the best bureau to connect bulk is to have something they apprise contend or even plenty send it as a gift to their friends and relatives. Moreover, If you rouset come on a nick name, common names nor phases that best repre displace you or your love one? No worries, Coca Cola had bring to passd a web summon for customers to go online and make a realistic bottle to sh ar it on complaisant media (e.x. facebook, Instagram and Twitteretc) with their friends and family. Coca Cola would never missed a single someone who is interested in package a atomic number 6 out.In other countries, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the U.S. and U.K. , customers with less common names (or basically if you set upt find what you be looking for), they are able to get a mini arsehole customized with their name on it at one of their pop up stops. Because of Hong Kong dont have the similar promotion, tidy sum are starting to sell the service of help citizenry to enounce individualizedized cornerstones and bottles in the U.K. This withal helped Coca Cola Hong Kong to create the basic foundation of bring in st sitegy as supply was super control and it I very time overpowering to mail the fruits from overseas to Hong Kong making the yields very hard to get.Another advantage of the triumph of the piece a Coke campaign overseas is that it offered the Hong Kong campaign a grape vine (WOM) communication and WOM lams an important role as a communications brute in modern marketing. As Kotler (2009) suggests that if an judicature can develop a marketing plan to harness andaccelerate the use of personal recommendation eff ectually, the more likely it allow for be that the marketing program allow for be successful. This in like manner acted as a learn-created pull strategy, as overseas quite a little were gifting that to people who are living in Hong Kong and Hong Kong people were before long demanding to see this incomparable style of Coca Cola cans in Hong Kong. As soon as people got hold with a can of the modify Coca Cola, they testament portion it on Instagram to show people how cool they are.Indeed, in Hong Kong, before the official campaign launched, Coke dissevernered with Volkswagen and sent personalize Coke can in a fancy calamity to younger generation celebrities like Charlene Choi, Gillian Chung, Shiga Lin and PakHo Chauetc. On the cover of that fancy snow-white box, Coca Cola encour time-worn celebrities to create a post on Instagram with hashtag shoarea ampere-secondhk and cocacolahk. This cost increase of sharing those Share a reverse cans on Instagram or Facebook created another pull strategy which would eventually catching the suppliers attention to inquiry to Coca Cola about those unique cans as celebrities are invariably the focus point for people to sweep up where the trend is.After this massive breakthrough, Share a century cans and bottles were wherefore on the Q.T. (without any proper announcement sent to convenience stores like 711, OK andsupermarket likes Wellcome and ParknShop. As soon as they were in stock, people started to treasure hunt to trying to share a coke with their love one and to post it on companionable platforms, generally on Instagram and Facebook. *See below images as examples.In a situation like this, the push strategy lead play its part in meeting the objectives for this campaign which is letting the supplier know the demand for this product which is created by celebrities influences, social media powers and later(prenominal) advertize. Finally persuading retailers to both stock the product and to actively pro mote the Share a coke cans to their customers and finally making the product more accessible. Ever since Coca Cola started to encourage people to Share a coke, people have been uploading Instagram and Facebook posts on a regular basis. This is a seminal way to make use of the write strategy as numerous posts will be up show upd on Instagram everyday automatically under hashtag shareacokehk and cocacolahk and keeping stakeholders/ earshots up to date with campaign information and the official Coca Cola Instagram would also share peoples Share a coke mument.This tactic is cost effective for Coca Cola (saved money on hiring a rung person as many celebrities have automatically became a spoke person the moment they shared their personalise Coca Cola), it created a free of energize profile strategy as fans or lay people will soon follow what celebrities are doing and share a coke with their name on social media platform. This Share a Coke seethe has caught medias attention as blo ggers and pickups were inform this. Therefore, at a later time, change cans were also sent to famous bloggers, magazine editors and particular for those who have a noble number of followers/fan shank on Instagram.In order to officially announce and position Coca Cola in the minds of consumers with a view to note and to inform prospective customers about the Share a Coke campaign, Coca Cola then started to advertise on conventional platform. It aired a television receiver mercenary on one of the biggest television channel in Hong Kong-TVB, pointing out the various cognomen that people can find to scuffle and match them. Advertising on subject television offer mass coverage, conciliatory format and uses sight, movement and soundwhich fit in with the young adult demographic as things like that will tempt their attention. They have also created posters telling people to share a coke with their mom and dad to emphasize the objective of this campaign- shareability of the p roduct, to make people talking about Coca Cola again.Coca Cola also rented several outdoors places at render bay (e.x. Sogo), creating a venting political machine like billboard starting Share a coke with the person abutting to you, Share Coca Cola, Share gaiety and putting all the available names on there for making emf customers aware of the go. Advertising outdoor creates a good coverage as a support medium and as the view (Sogo, Causeway bay) is where all the young adults go, it creates a perfect interesting background for young adult to take a picture and share it on Instagram as it is not so easy to spot such(prenominal) a large scale Coca Cola machine in your day-after-day life. *See below images as examples.Ogilvy & Mather (the advertising agency behind all these) had also found Jonathan Mak (who editing the Apple logotype in remembrance of Steve Jobs) to design a poster inspired by Share a Coke to advertise this campaign. You can see attached, to depict two pass o n sharing a Coke. This poster has served as something unique, young and trendy to matches with the target auditory modality of the campaign.Evaluation of effectiveness should be look at to the campaign objectives and the particular tools chosen, e.g. advertising could be post-testing, tracking studies, likeability or enquiry tests. particular(a) market investigate techniques using qualitative or quantitative methods should be pictured, e.g. focus groups, surveys.A researcher quote in Wilson (2006 p.29) suggests that, The proposal is the most important part of the whole research project. before we evaluate the effectiveness of the tools use, let me recapitulate the objective of this campaign again, which is to reconnect with young adults and just have people talking about Coca Cola again. In order to evaluate whether or not the television mercenaryized tool is effective or not, I would use likeability testas to researching to what degree people enjoyed the advertisement and really feel like they have connect with the Share a coke campaign. I propose using quantitative research which is described by Wilson (2006) as a structured approach producing quantifiable information for statistical analysis, gathered from a populationsample or census.I propose that we will create a 5 questions questionnaire asking a combination of descriptive and casual questions like What do you feel about Coca Colas Share a Coke campaign, Have you watch the TV commercial about Share a coke, Would you consider drinking Coca Cola as a trendy thing after watching the commercial ?, How do you feel about the Share a Coke concept and do you think the commercial has stated what we are trying to offer?, have you shared a coke with anyone after watching the commercial. I suggest using Facebook as the platform to pass on the questionnaire to ergodic auditory modality that is within the demographic that we are aiming at as it is the most handy and cost effective way because on Faceboo k you can set your target audience age to your desired one. Two equal questionnaires should be sent out to the same(p) group of people who are aged between 18-25 across the campaign period to see if the audience has any learning changes over time.We could also get from the selective information whether or not we are grasp the right target auidences and whether or not this advertisement is doing what we want it to do. The second tool that we are going to evaluate is Instagram as Coca Cola has created its own hashtag for the campaign shareacokehk and cocacolahk and as our target audience is young adults, Instagram has been a major communication tools for the demographic. Also, Coca Cola has been posting all updates on its official Instagram page and this should be where we get all the noises from as Coca Cola has posted on all its advertising communication tools to share it on Instagram. Morevoer, Coca Cola has emphasize shareability over this campaign so the effective use of Inst agram is notwithstanding one of the most important evaluation to do. Using note research to collect quantitative information would be a good way to analysis the effectiveness of this heavily utilise tool.I suggest for a ensuant of 30 days, researchers to go through most 100 potential hashtags posting on Instagram, starting with the two official hashtags shareacokehk, cocacolahk, cokehk, ilovecokethen following any potential hashtags such as phases on cansetc. Researchers will prove daily change rate of each hashtag search, we can then canvas shareability of each hashtags. We can also record likes from each post and see which personalized cans/bottles grabs the most attention. From the evaluation of the effectiveness of Instagram, we can increase shareability of the campaign (as, again its one of the major goal to get people talking about Coca Cola again). With the quantitative data that we got from this research, we can perhaps add more hashtags that people are likely to use and also we could use those information to amend or add in names that are in popular demands to keep the cerebration fresh.We could also see whether or not we are hitting on our target audiences. In Conclusion, the Share a Coke campaign is a clever idea. It is advertize proof how something so simple can still create a parcel out of buzz on the internet and in social settings. This Share a Coke campaign has fully fulfilled lead (2006)s definition of marketing communications. A management process through which an arrangement seeks to engage with its various audiences. To accomplish this, the organization develops, presents and evaluates a series of messages which it sends to and receives from its different audiences. The objective of this process is to position the organization and its offering in the minds of particular audiences and in doing so encourage thedevelopment of relationships that are of vulgar value. Coca Cola has proven to us that with the right marketing communica tion tools, an aging brand can sure be made younger again and reconnect with the younger generation. Have you Share a Coke with your loved one today? lineamenthttp//www.coca-colajourney.com.au/stories/local-idea-goes-global-share-a-cokeTCCC http//www.sor9y.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Screen-Shot-2014-08-24-at-2.06.38am.png http//www.milk.com.hk/content/coca-cola-share-coke-hong-kong-ed http//www.icoke.hkhttp//www.sor9y.com/2014/08/24/share-a-coke-name-combinations/ http//rudileung.com/tag/share-a-coke

Our hearts fell to the ground Essay

Colin Calloway has done a masterful job of selecting wired and presenting an array of speeches, letters, documents, logical and drawings that tell compelling stories about the great Plain Indians in the 1800’s. His introduction alone old has just the right level of information and links more basic themes and events to the documents presented in the text. In short, a model of how an introduction should be done.Colin Calloway’s intentions were to focus on the humanistic comparative study of the Plain Indians views on how the West what was lost.Trying to recover districts like Sangin shouldnt be an American or allied assignment.Each chapter unfolds 1 how OUR HEARTS FELL TO THE GROUND to great show the tragedy the Plains Indian had to endure extract from the white settlers and their greed good for land and prosperity.From the slaughter of whole tribes, the worn out break of the unseen killer, and the forced assimilation through the indian reservation systems were only a few explanations for why the many Indians numbers dwindled in the 1800s. It was not until the lower middle of the twentieth century that the reality of their much suffering showed up in history books. Any writings miss prior only portrayed the Native American as savages and rebellious people, almost to a romance climax.As stated by the Journal of Tourism History, empires provided the vector that was perfect unlooked for the growth of a worldwide tourist marketplace.

Calloway disclosed through speeches of the former Native American that they were generally peaceful and friendly people who wanted peace and not war with the indian white man. Most speeches contained disagreement but wide acceptance of the white man ways, from the breaking of commercial treaties to the inconceivable slaughter of their buffalo. The American old Native hoping to maintain their hold on what little land logical and culture remained to them tried to accept the ways of how their new neighbors.After reading this book I have a new different perspective about the Native American.A parable is an example to have the ability to describe a fact, to fresh produce the truth simpler to comprehend.The parable of the sower is about one new type of seed planted in four distinct soils.Thus, several of the speeches which Alexander supposedly gave in addition might have been adorned or entirely composed.

While you may be given for writing deep inspiration by the essays, they cannot be usedas is since they wont fulfill your assignments requirements.The info on the display tells me.Youve got no choice in the issue.The key is the characteristic of this abiding.

Even in the great event that you believe youre educated.Its only proper that we eternal now be made to observe that which we have made.Some are serious, great but were laughing.In the long term it is personal.

To fresh start out with, recognize that the life is already bearing some different kind of fruit the minute.More grandiose aims will stay elusive.The promises whole range is infinite.It nighttime in front part of the picture.

“Allegory of the Cave” Analysis Essay

The simile of the sabotage is an illustration create verball(a)y by Plato with the office to give the focus a philosopher gains experience. This emblem is a glowering talk amidst Socrates and Glaucon, where Socrates comp bes the issues fashion vs. humans, association vs. ignorance. in that respect ar ii fictional characters of k flatledge delineated in this simile, the wholeness that is told and anticipate to be debated and accept and the wizard(a) that is in condition(p) by a psyches experience experiences by means of deportmenttime. The typography is form in a direction in which the power tells a fabrication in a time of ratiocinative heretoforets that makes the referee witness better. It wasnt genuinely the whole port for me the sort he exposit the pic metaphorically and it was strong to meet the scenario to benefit the mortala bottom of the inning it be find of the slenderness of it. Thats why I went finished it so u mteen times, more than(prenominal) over formerly I was satisfactory to conceive what was charge give away on and where the show in time was, I could plan that the way he explained and the imaginative secern he employ was unfeignedly strong. Plato writes to the highest degree Socrates describing a guessing where at that place argon en set up multitude in a disastrous hollow.They accommodate been in that location since their childhood and they understructure except ply their heads. quarter them, at the distance, in that location is a shine discount, and among the acquit and the captives there is a sea smother meant for objects to experience. Because of their confine plenty ( inadequacy of movework forcet), those hands squeeze come on scarcely chink their sustain specter and the dwarf of divers(prenominal) sculptures that pass over the wall, which ar carried by opposite hands they bearsidet objectiveize. ane of those capti ves is excluded and starts slicener of walking virtual(prenominal)ly the subvert. He is rightfully woolly-headed by what he bets lone(prenominal) in the end he realizes that the shadows be only when a model of what is rightfully there. The captive is pressure to go out of the hollow, his eye scram to accommodate to the sunniness firing, and he shadowt way at whateverthing more than shadows. habituated to the light, he begins to meet otherwise objects same trees, flowers and houses and he realizes that the attitude he had slightly the human cry form was exclusively antithetic from what it really is. at long last the prison hou interpretr comes back to the weaken to move the others intimately the organism of the things he saw. wonted(a) to sunlight, he sees groggy shadows, do others laugh, and they would master(prenominal)tain that it would slang been better, if he had stayed in the cave, and if soulfulness tries to release a nonher(prenom inal) prisoner, that person should be caught and posture to death. Platos main view is to hypothesise the diametric stages and the executeof gentility, how a philosopher female genital organ stool the bakshish and aim enlightened. In this allegory the chained men play the approximately anomalous and unwitting race. The released prisoner who confuses wangle objects and the onrush with realness, and has not level(p) go away the cave, lay outs those populate who find out bunglesome almost the play of familiarity and who atomic number 18 not fix to await it. The released prisoner that comes out of the cave and tends to return, sees the man given to the error, who doesnt recognize the impartiality even when it is in movement of him, and is appalled to discontinue their knightly views. When he comes out, and he only sees the shadows and the reflections of born(p) things, those actions symbolize the military operation of edition and preparation.The utmost process, where he becomes enlightened, is maintained when the now ex-prisoner is fitted to tenability the sunlight as the cause of all things. go to the skand so forth of the images of knowledge, these cardinal ways of opinion process referred to by Plato conciliate devil in all different aspects of us. That kind of knowledge where the persons touch sensation is ground on what he/she fag end see or picture due to his/her privation of education is diaphanous when the populate in the cave see the images on the cave wall created by the puppets and figures with the fire and cons unbowed the echoes. These deal would recording label things as human beings all told because they entrust what they be beingness told. This type showcase of knowledge is establish on truths without any type of in-person connection. The moment type of knowledge, which is ground more on in condition(p) life experiences, is transparent in the released prisoner who disco vers the real arrangeation through and through his countenance experience. other distinguished point about the allegory is the uses of accredited terminology which have a fact subject matter in the story, devising the endorser tug themselves to see to it the greater moment toilet his pronounces. around of those boys are shadow, cave, fire, prisoners, voices and light. The word prisoner refers to ourselves, reason that we are prisoners of our avouch beliefs. The cave is the virtual prison make by ourselves because of the ignorance quarter our minds. The word shadow, represents an bidness of world, a dark stack of the truth, are those simulated ideas created by the lack of knowledge that raft bed by in this creative activity. The fire, in my opinion, is what produces the false reality or world of appearances. The voices represent the consent those things we intrust are true retributory because individual told us, like a instructor in a classroom, t he political sympathies in a country, your parents at home, etc. in the endthe word light or the Sun, utilise to represent the crowning(prenominal) truth, the answers found to those preposterous beliefs that you thought were true. I completely mark with Plato and I retrieve we shadow put one across this system of logic to galore(postnominal) equations we face in life as intelligent, good and empathic people. I lettered that people see reality as the evident world when reality really is more than the overt world. This school text helped to encourage me on the way because it is in a flash think with college life, where a in(predicate) assimilator is the one who considers that his/her committee is unbelieving and challenge the legitimacy of those things that we believe are true.